印度近期新冠疫情严重反弹，已连续多天单日新增病例超过30万例（戳
这里回顾）。病例激增、医疗设备，特别是氧气供应不足……据印媒报道，诸多危机下，当地不少人不得不自己想办法对抗疫情，然而方法却不科学。
With medical facilities, particularly supplies of oxygen, falling short in the country, people in India are turning towards alternative, instead of scientific methods, to control and prevent the epidemic.
据印度《每日新闻与分析》24日报道，蒸汽吸入疗法视频在网上热传。在印度贾坎德邦一个边防部队，士兵正采用一种“创新技术”，通过蒸汽吸入来为自己“消毒”。 从视频中可以看到，几名士兵坐在一个连接着高压锅的装置前，吸入冒出的蒸汽。
According to Daily News and Analysis in India, the video of steam inhalation therapy has gone viral. Videos even show troops at India's border area resorting to this "innovative technique".
![]()
![]()
当地时间24日，印度媒体ABP新闻曝光了一段离奇的视频，画面中一位工作人员给新冠肺炎患者喂下了疑似牛尿的液体，引发印度网民的谴责。
![]()
![]()
显然，“土法上马”并不能真正有效对付疫情。
而疫情告急之际，受美国疫苗原材料出口禁令影响，印度还面临疫苗生产线停产危机，令抗疫难上加难。尽管印度方面有所请求，但是美方此前并未放开禁令。
![]()
印度新闻网站The Hindu 曾报道，全球都急需疫苗原材料，而印度的主要疫苗制造商也在苦苦寻求。然而，美国却禁止这些原材料出口，并只提供给美国制造商。
The suppliers of its raw materials, which is in high demand globally and sought after by major Indian manufacturers, are being forced to provide it only for domestic manufacturers in the U.S.
终于，在4月25日，美国政府宣布，将为印度提供帮助。
CNN：印度面临疫情暴发，拜登政府将提供额外补给和支持
![]()
美国白宫于当地时间4月25日发布声明称，美国将向印度提供额外的医疗资源和支持，帮助印度应对近期的新冠肺炎疫情激增。
The Biden administration will deploy additional supplies and support to India as the country deals with a spike in coronavirus cases, the White House announced on Sunday.
拜登在推特上转发了发其总统国家安全事务助理沙利文的推文并评论称，“就像疫情初期我们的医院（物资）紧张时印度向美国提供援助一样，我们决心在印度需要帮助时向其提供帮助。”沙利文则在推文中提到，当天，美印双方官员就印度疫情进行交谈。“我们同意在未来几天保持密切联系。美国与印度人民站在一起，我们正在部署更多的物资和资源。”
![]()
白宫国家安全委员会发言人艾米丽•霍恩表示，美国将向印度提供医疗物资援助，包括疫苗生产原料、新冠肺炎治疗药物、快速诊断试剂盒、呼吸机以及医疗防护设备，并且派遣来自美国疾病控制和预防中心和美国国际开发署的专家帮助印度控制疫情。
"The United States has identified supplies of therapeutics, rapid diagnostic test kits, ventilators, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) that will immediately be made available for India. The United States also is pursuing options to provide oxygen generation and related supplies on an urgent basis."
印度确诊病例激增，部分医院出现氧气危机，对此霍恩补充说，美国仍在寻求解决印度医院供氧不足的方案。
不过，CNN在报道中指出，该发言人的声明中，并未提及分享阿斯利康新冠疫苗，而美国现已囤积了数千万剂该款疫苗。其中有几百万剂将送到加拿大和墨西哥，因为该疫苗尚未得到美国食品药监局的紧急使用授权。美国政府正面临将疫苗送到印度的压力。有知情人士称，他们已经开会讨论相关事宜，不过还没得出结论。
But the latest statement from Biden's national security adviser did not mention sharing AstraZeneca vaccine doses, of which the US has tens of millions stockpiled. The doses have gone unused, with the exception of a few million sent to Canada and Mexico, because AstraZeneca has not been granted emergency use authorization by the US Food and Drug Administration yet. The administration has faced pressure to release AstraZeneca vaccines to India. A person familiar with the matter said the issue has come up in meetings but a final decision is still up in the air.
美国法案“卡脖子”
去年4月，时任美国总统特朗普动用《国防生产法》，对疫苗生产原材料实施出口管制，该禁令延续至今。印度新冠疫苗生产在很大程度上依赖进口原材料，美国的一纸禁令无异于卡住了印度疫苗生产的“脖子”。
The export restrictions fall under the Defense Production Act, which former President Donald J. Trump invoked in the early days of the pandemic and President Biden has used since February to increase vaccine production in the United States.
A key sore point between India and the US in recent days has been Washington’s embargo on the supply of raw materials required for the manufacture of Covovax, a vaccine developed by US firm Novovax. Indian vaccine manufacturers had said they could not mass produce this vaccine in India without the US lifting an embargo on the export of raw materials.
近期印度舆论纷纷谴责美国，有新闻网站甚至称美方这种做法是“疫苗黑手党行为”。
The coldness of the US State Department drew widespread criticism in India.
![]()
《今日印度》网站的一篇文章写道：为何美国迟来的援助引发不满
全世界纷纷伸出援手之际，美国的“全球战略伙伴”却用了一周的时间才打破沉默
![]()
![]()
报道指出，4月23日，印度日增病例超过30万，华盛顿方面却充耳不闻。新德里的不满反映在印度外交部长S. Jaishankar的推特中：多边主义需要改革，从而变得可信。它必须是可实践的，而非空谈的。
As cases continued to climb in India, breaching the stratospheric 300,000 cases per day on April 23, there was a deafening silence from Washington. New Delhi’s dismay was perhaps reflected in external affairs minister S. Jaishankar’s tweet on the evening of April 24: ‘Multilateralism needs to be reformed to be credible. And it must be practised, not just preached.’
印度最大疫苗生产商印度血清研究所首席执行官阿达尔•普纳瓦拉此前在社交媒体上向美国总统拜登喊话，要求美国尽快解除疫苗原材料的出口禁令。
Serum Institute of India CEO Adar Poonawalla sent out a frantic SOS, tagging the US president, on April 16 asking him to lift the embargo.
作为世界卫生组织主导的“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”最大供应商，印度血清研究所原本承诺向该计划供应至少11亿剂疫苗，其中约1亿剂在5月底前交付。同时，该研究所还承接了为英国、加拿大等国生产阿斯利康等疫苗的订单。而在印度疫情吃紧与美国出口限制因素叠加之下，有多家媒体报道说，印度已经叫停主要疫苗出口，不少疫苗订单也将延迟交付。
《纽约时报》：印度致命的病例暴增，美国面对出口更多疫苗原料的压力
![]()
文章指出，印度面临的危机有可能导致非洲疫苗项目的暂停。那里有17%的全球人口，他们依赖印度生产的疫苗。
India’s crisis could halt the vaccination campaign in Africa, which has 17 percent of the world’s people and relies on vaccines produced in India.
至于为何美国援助“滞后”，其“美国优先”政策可能是原因之一。
此前，美国国务院发言人普赖斯曾在记者会上强调，“应该首先为美国人全面接种疫苗”。一名国务院高级官员也直白表示，“拜登政府的首要职责是满足美国人的需要”。
The State Department spokesman, Ned Price, said in response to questions about the export ban that “the United States first and foremost is engaged in an ambitious and effective and, so far, successful effort to vaccinate the American people.”
综合来源：新华网，CNN，纽约时报，今日印度，环球网，中国日报网
