旋转环绕180度,一键式自动扫描,数分钟后,一尊兵马俑的形状与纹理数据采集、合成就完成了。
近日,位于古都西安市的西北大学研究团队研制出了一种新型的文物扫描仪,可以替代人工手持扫描,对珍贵文物进行画像并留存,大大缩短了文物数据采集时间。
图源:陕西都市报
An iconic Terracotta Warrior remains still, while a robot rotates around it, cameras mounted on its two mechanical arms. In 10 minutes, both arms turn 180 degrees gradually and a "3D portrait" of the cultural relic is created on a computer.
Developed by researchers from Northwest University in Xi'an, capital of northwest China's Shaanxi Province, the robot has been designed to create accurate digital images, contributing to the restoration of cultural relics. It also helps to reduce the time required for digitalizing relics.
这件文物扫描仪名为文物外观快速采集建模装置,是中国科学家利用机器视觉、机械臂等技术,花费1年时间研发而成。那么这台文物扫描仪采集出相关数据后,究竟有什么用呢?
西北大学文化遗产数字化国地工程中心主任耿国华:“它可以用在后继的研究,向公众的展示等方面,还可以为文物的传播和传承,做一些贡献。”
图源:陕西都市报
研发者是西北大学教师许阳,其博士毕业于北京航空航天大学仪器光电学院,从事过火箭、飞机的视觉测量技术研究。他将常用于航空航天制造领域的机械臂技术引入文物保护工作。
许阳介绍说,“机械臂最主要的作用是替代人工进行数据采集。我们使用的机械臂长度达到1.5米,能使文物的数字化采集具备自动化和人工干预少的显著优势。”
他介绍,这款机器人的“眼睛”由结构光三维扫描仪与高分辨率彩色相机构成,名为文物外观数据采集模块。它的机械臂则类似于躯体,大直径旋转平台形同双脚。采集过程中,承载了文物外观数据采集模块的机械臂,布置在旋转平台两侧,通过各自环绕文物旋转180度,实现文物外观数据的完整采集。
图源:陕西都市报
Xu Yang, a member of the research team, explained how the system works.
The robot consists of a rotary base, two mechanical arms and two scanning modules, each of which integrates a 3D scanner and a high-resolution camera. The relic is placed in the central part of the base, which is static, while two 1.5-meter arms connected to the periphery of the base revolve around it, and modules move along with the arms to scan. Eventually, a 3D model is generated.
"The mechanical arm has the advantages of automation and less manual intervention," said Xu. "The scanning modules take photos at a distance, minimizing the damage to the relics."
这种数字化采集方式显著提升了采集效率。“以一尊兵马俑为例,如果用人工方式测量、拍照,可能需要半天时间。”许阳说,“用我们研发的文物外观快速采集建模装置,按一个自动扫描键,耗时约5分钟就能自动完成整个扫描步骤,再通过按一个自动处理按钮,计算出文物表面的三维数据。全程10分钟不到,实现了文物形状与纹理数据的自动采集与合成。”
图源:陕西都市报
此外,测量精度的提高也是该项技术的显著优势。“我们的采样密度非常高,点云的点距最小可达0.1毫米。纹理信息的采集分辨率会更高一些,能做到0.05毫米。最终生成一张带有纹理图像的文物三维模型。在虚拟环境中,我们可以对它开展虚拟修复。”许阳说。
He said it can take half a day to establish a 3D model of the Terracotta Warrior by manually measuring and photographing. However, the robot takes less than 10 minutes to scan the relics, calculate the measurement statistics of the surface and form a model.
The 3D models precisely reflect the textures on the surface of the warrior with a resolution of up to 0.05 mm, according to Xu, adding that relics can be displayed and restored in a virtual environment.
综合来源:陕西都市报 新华社