当地时间5月1日，被称为“人工智能教父”的科学家杰弗里·辛顿（Geoffrey Hinton）宣布，上周他已从谷歌离职，并公开谈论了这项技术的“危险”。
Geoffrey Hinton, who has been called the ‘Godfather of AI,’ confirmed Monday that he left his role at Google last week to speak out about the “dangers” of the technology he helped to develop.
这条消息率先被《纽约时报》报道，立即引发多家外媒关注。
《纽约时报》：“人工智能教父”离开谷歌，警告未来风险
“半个世纪以来，杰弗里·辛顿培育了ChatGPT等聊天机器人的核心技术。现在他担心这会造成严重的危害。”
BBC报道：人工智能“教父”杰弗里·辛顿在辞职时警告人们注意危险
CNN报道：人工智能先驱从谷歌离职以警告该技术的“危险”
综合CNN、BBC报道，杰弗里·辛顿是英裔加拿大认知心理学家和计算机科学家，他在深度学习（deep learning）和神经网络（neural networks）方面的开创性研究，为ChatGPT等当前的人工智能系统奠定了基础，因而在业内被称为“人工智能教父”。他在谷歌兼职了十年，参与了这家科技巨头的人工智能开发工作。
The British-Canadian cognitive psychologist and computer scientist’s pioneering research on deep learning and neural networks has paved the way for current AI systems like ChatGPT. He worked part-time at Google for a decade on the tech giant’s AI development efforts.
然而，在接受《纽约时报》专访时，辛顿表示，他现在对自己在人工智能领域的工作感到后悔，并担心人工智能技术会让网络充满虚假信息，导致大量工作岗位消失，并创造一个人们“再也无法分辨真相”的世界。
他还指出，AI目前的发展速度惊人，远远超出了他和其他人的预期。
But in a lengthy interview with the New York Times, Hinton said he now regretted his work and is worried that AI technology will flood the internet with misinformation.
Hinton echoed concerns about AI’s potential to eliminate jobs and create a world where many will “not be able to know what is true anymore.” He also pointed to the stunning pace of advancement, far beyond what he and others had anticipated.
5月1日，杰弗里·辛顿发推坦言，他之所以离开谷歌，就是为了完全自由地说出人工智能所带来的危险，而不是因为想要批评谷歌。↓
“在今天的《纽约时报》上，凯德·梅茨（《纽约时报》科技记者）暗示我离开谷歌是为了批评谷歌。实际上，我离开是为了谈论人工智能的危险，而无需考虑这对谷歌有何影响。谷歌非常负责任。”
In a tweet Monday, Hinton said he left Google so he could speak freely about the risks of AI, rather than because of a desire to criticize Google specifically.
辛顿在5月3日接受CNN采访时表示，他认为人工智能可能变得比人类更聪明，以至于最终能够操控人类。
“如果人工智能变得比人类聪明得多，就会非常擅长操控（manipulation），” 辛顿说，“更聪明的东西被没它聪明的东西控制，这样的例子太罕见了。而且人工智能已经知道怎么编程，它就能想办法绕开人类对其设置的限制，操纵人们做它想做的事。”
“Eventually, if it gets to be much smarter than us, it will be very good in manipulation. And a very few examples of a more intelligent thing being controlled by a less intelligent thing. And it knows how to program, so it'll figure out ways of getting round restrictions we put on it. It'll figure out ways of manipulating people to do what it wants.”
在前一天BBC的采访中，辛顿表示，目前的人工智能聊天机器人很快就会超过人类大脑的信息量。他坦言，“据我了解，AI现在还没有人类聪明，但我认为他们可能很快就会（比人类更聪明）。”
"Right now, they're not more intelligent than us, as far as I can tell. But I think they soon may be." The scientist told the BBC that chatbots could soon overtake the level of information that a human brain holds.
“现在，我们看到的是像GPT-4这样的AI，一般知识的储备已经超过了一个人，而且远远超过。在推理方面，它还没有人好，但已经可以进行简单的推理了。考虑到其进展的速度，我们预计它很快会变得更好，所以我们需要担心。”
"Right now, what we're seeing is things like GPT-4 eclipses a person in the amount of general knowledge it has and it eclipses them by a long way. In terms of reasoning, it's not as good, but it does already do simple reasoning," he said.
"And given the rate of progress, we expect things to get better quite fast. So we need to worry about that."
据BBC报道，今年3月底，包括马斯克在内的许多科技产业人士联盟签署了一封公开信，呼吁立即暂停开发比Open AI新推出的GPT-4更强大的人工智能系统，至少暂停6个月。（戳这里回顾）
In March, an open letter - co-signed by dozens of people in the AI field, including the tech billionaire Elon Musk - called for a pause on all developments more advanced than the current version of AI chatbot ChatGPT so robust safety measures could be designed and implemented.
对此，辛顿表示自己并未签署这封联名信。他认为人工智能“在短期内”带来的好处要大于风险，因此不应该停止开发。”
But Hinton told the BBC that "in the shorter term" he thought AI would deliver many more benefits than risks, "so I don't think we should stop developing this stuff," he added.
辛顿还表示，他是一名科学家，而不是制定政策的专家，政府有责任确保人工智能的发展“充分考虑如何阻止它失控”。
Hinton also said he was an expert on the science, not policy, and that it was the responsibility of government to ensure AI was developed "with a lot of thought into how to stop it going rogue".
BBC采访视频截图
另据CNN报道，早在离开谷歌之前，辛顿就曾公开谈论过人工智能的潜在好处和坏处。
在2021年印度理工学院的毕业典礼上，辛顿曾发言说：“我认为人工智能的快速发展将以我们尚未完全理解的方式改变社会，而且并非全部是好的影响。”
“I believe that the rapid progress of AI is going to transform society in ways we do not fully understand and not all of the effects are going to be good,” Hinton said in a 2021 commencement address at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in Mumbai.
他指出，人工智能将促进医疗保健领域，但同时也为致命的自动化武器创造机会。“我发现这种前景比机器人取代人类的前景更直接，也更可怕。机器人取代人类还有很长的路要走。”
He noted how AI will boost healthcare while also creating opportunities for lethal autonomous weapons. “I find this prospect much more immediate and much more terrifying than the prospect of robots taking over, which I think is a very long way off.”
综合来源：CNN，BBC，纽约时报，环球时报
