这个冬天，新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情影响全国，牵动人心。一场保卫生命健康的疫情防控战，已经打响。
据央视新闻消息，截至2月3日24时，国家卫生健康委收到31个省（自治区、直辖市）和新疆生产建设兵团累计报告确诊病例20438例（黑龙江省核减2例），现有重症病例2788例，累计死亡病例425例，累计治愈出院病例632例，现有疑似病例23214例。
累计收到港澳台地区通报确诊病例33例：香港特别行政区15例，澳门特别行政区8例，台湾地区10例。
![]()
A total of 20,438 cases of novel coronavirus were confirmed on the Chinese mainland as of 24:00 on Monday, with 425 dead and 632 recovered patients, said China’s National Health Commission. The number of confirmed cases in China's Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions (SARs) are as follows: Hong Kong SAR: 15 Macao SAR: 8 Taiwan: 10
这两天，专家们对于新型冠状病毒的研究也有了新发现。
据新华社报道，2月3日，湖北省召开第十三场疫情防控例行发布会，通报防控工作新进展。专家表示，病毒从人体出来后很快沉降，不会在空气中漂浮。从这个意义讲，空气中不会有病毒。但飞沫可以沉降，病毒可以落在物体表面，人可以通过手来接触到病毒。病毒在光滑的物体表面可以存活数小时。如果温度、湿度合适有可能存活数天，比如在温度20℃的环境，湿度40%到50%，有研究发现病毒有可能存活达到5天。所以，洗手非常重要。
![]()
日前，广州市疾控中心在疫情监测中，在一名确诊患者家中门把手上发现了新型冠状病毒的核酸，这是广州首次在外环境中发现，提示市民应更注意手卫生。专家提醒，日常家居细节中，有许多可能造成病毒间接传播的途径：如手机屏幕、电脑键盘、水龙头等等，都需要日常清洁。
![]()
Scientists in south China's Guangzhou City on Sunday detected the nucleic acid of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) on a doorknob at the house of a patient diagnosed with the disease, according to an official from the Disease Control and Prevention Center in Guangzhou. Scientists have also warned that other areas prone to contamination include mobile phones, keyboards and faucet handles, strengthening the importance of hand hygiene.
在日常家居环境中，手机、电话、鼠标键盘、电灯开关、水龙头、门把手等都是人们经常触碰的地方，但卫生情况又经常被忽略，造成潜在的间接传播风险，再加上节后返程复工人流加大，大家都不免开始担心：出行乘坐交通工具和坐电梯，是不是需要戴手套了？
2月3日，中国工程院院士、国家卫健委高级别专家组成员李兰娟接受了央视《新闻1+1》栏目主持白岩松的采访，对公共环境下如何预防新型冠状病毒进行解读。
![]()
白岩松：2月3日局部的地区都开始上班了，交通工具上人流变得更大，大家会去担心电梯安全吗？坐汽车、火车如何才能更安全？您的建议是什么？
国家卫健委高级别专家组成员 李兰娟：现在我们整个国家和社会都加强了公共卫生的爱国卫生行动，所以在火车、汽车上都有消毒的设施，甚至电梯好多单位也都进行了消毒，所以说应该总体上是安全的。当然因为人比较多，有一些感染的人在其中不知道，所以我们还得戴个口罩，防止距离接触的传播。我们国家这么重视爱国卫生运动，做得很好的话，还是能够预防的。
白岩松：我们现在需要戴手套吗，在出行或坐电梯的时候？
国家卫健委高级别专家组成员 李兰娟：我认为没有必要，我是传染科的医生，我到病房里去见了很多有传染性的病人，无非也就是检查好以后洗个手，用流水冲洗就可以了。只有直接接触污染物的时候才需要戴手套，一般是不需要戴手套的，只要你勤洗手，回家率先洗个手就可以了。
![]()
![]()
白岩松：在公共场所当中，人和人之间保持多大的距离会更合适一点呢？是2米，还是1米5，还是怎么样？
国家卫健委高级别专家组成员 李兰娟：我们原来写的是1米5，对面人如果是健康的，应该也不存在这个问题。主要是担心不认识的人，要保持一定的距离，避免有传播的可能。我希望各个地方对接触的人查得严一点，这样有可能面对面传播的机会就会大大减少。在武汉市区我认为这个距离是非常必要的。
另据报道，2月1日，深圳市第三人民医院肝病研究所发现，在某些新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎确诊患者的粪便中检测出新型冠状病毒核酸呈阳性。中科院武汉病毒研究所也在患者的大便和肛拭子中发现病毒核酸。
![]()
Nucleic acid tests of the new coronavirus in stool samples of some patients have been detected as positive, which suggests that a stool may contain the virus, according to the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen.
那么，新型冠状病毒会通过粪口传播吗？最近全国确诊病例人数激增，是否说明疫情更加严重？2月2日，国家卫健委高级别专家组组长钟南山院士接受采访，释放了一些有关疫情防控的新信息。
钟南山表示：“确诊数量现在是升高，可能还会持续一段时间，但是我相信不会太长。”
![]()
"The growth of confirmed cases will continue for a while," Chinese respiratory expert Zhong Nanshan said in an interview with CCTV on Feb 2. "But I believe it won't be too long."
During the interview, the renowned expert also answered other critical questions that have caused public concern regarding the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus.
新型冠状病毒有可能通过粪口传播。现在这个问题应该非常重视，因为在粪便里发现病毒，粪便是否传染病毒值得高度警惕。在湖北、江西有些地方，确实有使用便桶习惯，还放在鱼塘里洗，确实要引起防控注意。
从调查来看，已经患病的人，在粪便带病毒有多少，要一步一步来调查。从了解来看，尿初步没有。
The novel coronavirus is likely to spread by fecal-oral transmission. The issue should be taken very seriously, because the virus has been found in fecal samples of infected patients. We should be highly alert about the fact the virus can spread through fecal matter. In some places of Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, people have a habit of using chamber pots as toilets and washing them in fish ponds, which indeed needs attention.
Further research and surveying should be done to see how many patients have feces with the virus. Based on preliminary understanding, the virus hasn’t been detected in patients' urine.
目前看来确诊病例上升的主要还是武汉。今天（2日）早晨的数据我没看，昨天（1日）整个资料看起来主要还是武汉地区占多数。所以，作为一个中央的政策，对武汉进行所谓的“围堵”，我想还是完全正确的。
So far, the confirmed cases are mainly from Wuhan. I haven't looked at the data this morning. The data yesterday showed Wuhan was still the major place of the outbreak. As a result, I think the central government’s decision of putting Wuhan into lockdown is right. It seems there is no obvious outbreak in places other than Wuhan.
之前我讲过，从外地回到武汉的人，十多天潜伏期过去，没病也就没事了，生病的话可能已经在当地治疗。因此回到武汉的人，问题不是很大。但从武汉地区出去的人，还是值得注意。
I have said before people who will return to Wuhan will not be a problem, because they haven’t been infected before. More than 10 days have passed, so the incubation stage of potential patients is almost over. People who are infectious have already been in treatment in local hospitals, and the others who are OK now will stay fine. However, those who leave Wuhan for other places should be closely watched.
到2月2日，确诊病例病死率大概是2.3%、2.4%。因为患者集中，武汉病死率要高于外地，但不应该因病死率低就放松警惕。总的来说，与H7N9、MERS、H5N1相比，病死率相对低，但比普通的流感要高。
Up to now, the mortality rate of confirmed cases is about 2.3 to 2.4 percent, and the mortality rate in Wuhan is higher than in other places because of the concentration of patients. The mortality rate of the novel coronavirus pneumonia is lower than H7N9, MERS, and H5N1, but higher than regular flu.
无症状感染者不是很多，但是有。这些人绝大多数与确诊病人接触过，或有武汉接触史才去做检测。有报道称，个别无症状感染者可以自己治愈，也有个别无症状感染者可以传染给别人。所以只要检测是核酸阳性，就一定要隔离，要重视这个问题。
We don't have many asymptomatic infection cases, most of these cases took tests because they had contacted confirmed patients or had been to Wuhan. There were reports that some asymptomatic infection cases can self-cure and some are infectious, so if a person's nucleic acid test is positive, quarantine is necessary.
普通群众很少用“N95”口罩，也不需要，普通外科口罩就可以。只要有公众集会的地方应该考虑戴，但不是任何地方都戴。你去球场，人没有多少，用不着戴。口罩没必要每次换着用，一般是4个小时。口罩只要保护得好，把贴脸的那一面叠起来，脱口罩时手不要沾它，这样放的话就可以继续用。
Normally, people don't have to wear N95 masks, regular surgical masks are good enough. The general public should wear masks if inside of epidemic areas and in public places where people are gathering. But you don't have to wear it everywhere, for example, if you went to a court with few people, then wearing a mask is not necessary. You don't have to change to a new mask every time. If you can protect it well – folding the cheek side in and not touching it when taking it off – then you can continue to wear the mask.
戳视频看钟南山院士摘口罩示范↓↓↓
最后，再为各位附上一份预防新型冠状病毒双语指南~
![]()
今日是立春，没有一个冬天不会过去，没有一个春天不会到来。
中国加油！武汉加油！
![]()
综合来源：央视新闻、CGTN、中国日报、人民网
